Learning Geology

We are glad to share you that our co-founder, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood with his class fellows have prepared a geological model which was pres...

A geologic contact is where one rock type touches another. There are three types of geologic contact: 1. Depositional contacts are those...

Continental Accretion Accretion  is a process by which material is added to a tectonic plate or a landmass. This material may be sediment,...

Relation of Volcanism to Plate Tectonics  A map showing the distribution of volcanoes around the world and the basic geologic settings i...

What Drives Plate Motion, and How Fast Do Plates Move?  Forces Acting on Plates  We've now discussed the many facets of plate tecto...

How Do Plate Boundaries Form and Die?  The configuration of plates and plate boundaries visible on our planet today has not existed for al...

Transform Plate Boundaries The concept of transform faulting. When researchers began to explore the bathymetry of midocean ridges in ...

Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction  At convergent plate boundaries, two plates, at least one of which is oceanic, move toward one...

What Do We Mean by Plate Tectonics? The paleomagnetic proof of continental drift ( plate tectonics ) and the discovery of sea-floor spread...

Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading  For a hypothesis to become a theory, researchers must demonstrate that the idea really works. During t...

The Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading New Images of Sea-Floor Bathymetry  Bathymetry of mid-ocean ridges and abyssal plains. Militar...

Paleomagnetism and the Proof of Continental Drift More than 1,500 years ago, Chinese sailors discovered that a piece of lodestone, when s...

What Are Earth Layers Made Of?  A modern view of Earth‘s interior layers. As a result of studies during the past century, geologists...

Himalayas are the mightiest mountain ranges present on Earth.

                     PLATE TECTONICS CONCEPTS Introduction Plate tectonics - The idea that Earth’s surface is divided into large pla...